Bedrock versus superficial deposits in the Swiss Jura Mountains: what is the legitimate soil parent material?     

Loraine Martignier  Thierry Adatte  Eric P. Verrecchia 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(4):331-345

Soils are generally considered to be the result of in situ weathered products of geological substrata. Nevertheless, the Earth's surface is mainly composed of superficial deposits made of sediments reworked during periods of climate instability (glaciation, aridification, flooding, etc.). But to what extent do these deposits influence present‐day soil development and/or lessen the contribution of the geological substratum? In the Swiss Jura Mountains, characterization and distribution of superficial deposits along a toposequence are used in order to decipher the polygenic sources of soil parent materials and question the importance of lithodependence in soil development. The in situ weathering material and the allochtonous deposits are discriminated through analysis of mineralogical composition, grain size distribution of the soil mineral fraction, and multivariate statistical treatment. As expected, calcite is dominant in the autochonous mineral phase, leading to high pH values in deep soil layers. However, the mineralogical composition of the surficial deposits is made of local mineral components mixed with allochtonous aeolian deposits. This exogenous material is dominated by quartz and phyllosilicates, and is reflected by low pH values in soil surficial horizons. The grain size distribution curves of the insoluble residue from bedrocks are unimodal and dominated by fine loam and clays. In contrast, surficial deposits display polymodal curves, demonstrating the contribution of various aeolian episodes and/or sources. Analysis of the surface texture of quartz sand grains shows glacial marks intersected by aeolian shock marks, indicating the posteriority of wind transportation. Loess material originates from Alpine moraines of the Swiss Plateau and is mixed with deposits originating from more proximal Jura moraines, diluting the Alpine signature. Consequently, the soil development does not follow the expected and conventional decalcification process, but is directly influenced by the origin of the primary sediments (even when present only in small amounts) and their evolution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

广西武鸣县典型土壤剖面Se的地球化学特征及其影响因素研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨琼  侯青叶  顾秋蓓  余涛  杨忠芳 《现代地质》2016,30(2):455-462

以广西武鸣县典型的碳酸盐岩成土剖面和陆源碎屑岩成土剖面为研究对象,研究了不同成土母质在成土过程中Se元素与其形态在垂向上的迁移变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明：碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑岩在成土过程中,土壤Se含量均继承了成土母质的特点,且前者在表层明显富集,而后者相对较稳定,算术平均值分别为0.55 mg/kg和1.43 mg/kg。前者的水溶性总硒含量高于后者,平均含量分别为3.48 μg/kg和1.81 μg/kg,但均以硒酸态硒为主,其次是亚硒酸态硒和腐殖酸结合态硒。成土剖面上,土壤Se含量及其形态影响因素研究表明,碳酸盐岩成土剖面上,Se的含量与形态主要受土壤TOC含量和pH值影响;陆源碎屑岩成土剖面上,影响Se的含量及其形态的因素较多,土壤pH值、TOC、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃含量以及土壤质地等均对其有不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

Formation Mechanism of the High-quality Upper Paleozoic Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Ordos Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHAO Wenzhi  WANG Zecheng  CHEN Menjin  ZHENG Hongju Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration  Development  Petrochin  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(6):843-855

1 Introduction The “sweet spot” refers to high-quality gas layers existin in a large area of tight gas resources and the “sweet spot As an unconventional natural gas, tight sandstone gas strategy refers to prospecting rich reserves with higresources are plentiful in the world. In the United States, permeability. In the western Canadian basins, “sweethe amount of tight sandstone gas is more than 15,000 Tcf spots” are concentrated in high-permeability reservoi(Surdam, 1995; Kuuskraa, 199…  相似文献   

Heterogeneity of Parent Rocks and Its Constraints on Geochemical Criteria in Weathering Crusts of Carbonate Rocks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Shijie  FENG Zhigang Institute of Geochemistry  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guiyang  Guizhou  Graduate School  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(5):1143-1153

Owing to the low contents of their acid-insoluble components, carbonate rocks tend to decrease sharply in volume in association with the formation of weathering crust. The formation of a 1 m-thick weathering crust would usually consume more than ten meters to several tens of meters of thickness of parent rocks. The knowledge of how to identify the homogeneity of parent rocks is essential to understand the formation mechanism of weathering crust in karst regions, especially that of thick-layered red weathering crust. In this work the grain-size analyses have demonstrated that the three profiles studied are the residual weathering crust of carbonate rocks and further showed that there objectively exists the heterogeneity of parent rocks in the three studied weathering crusts. The heterogeneity of parent rocks can also be reflected m geochemical parameters of major elements, just as the characteristics of frequency plot of grain-size distribution. Conservative trace element ratios Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta are proven  相似文献   

黑龙江省海伦市农耕区土壤硒分布特征及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张立  刘国栋  吕石佳  崔玉军  王恩宝 《现代地质》2019,33(5):1046-1054

海伦市是黑龙江省耕地面积最大的县市,为了研究海伦市农耕区土壤硒的分布特征及影响因素,在海伦市农耕区采集了15 608件0~20 cm表层土壤样品和976件150~200 cm深层土壤样品,分析了土壤全硒含量、形态等土壤化学指标。结果表明,表层土壤硒元素含量在0.02~0.87 mg·kg^-1之间,平均含量0.29 mg·kg^-1,93.87%的农耕土壤为足硒土壤,4.99%的土壤为富硒土壤,几乎不存在硒潜在不足和缺硒土壤,无硒中毒地区。不同土壤类型的硒元素平均含量由高到低依次为水稻土>黑土>草甸土>风沙土>暗棕壤。相关分析结果表明:影响研究区土壤硒含量的主要因素是土壤pH、有机质和成土母质,土壤中硒元素赋存形式以有机结合态为主,土壤总硒、有机质、pH也是影响硒有效性的主要因素。  相似文献   

浙西常山地区富硒土壤特征及成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘道荣  徐虹  周漪  侯建国  宋元青  翁雍蓉 《物探与化探》2019,(3):658-666

通过浙西常山地区表层土壤的调查研究,发现大面积富硒土壤,总结了该地区表层土壤硒含量分布特征。研究区内表层土壤硒含量均值为0.44×10^-6;不同土壤类型硒含量差异较大,其中石灰(岩)土土类硒含量最高,平均值为0.58×10^-6;不同母质条件形成的土壤硒含量差异较明显,全新世洪冲积物形成的土壤硒含量最高,平均值为0.59×10^-6。概率累积曲线表明,常山地区外源输入组分对土壤硒的影响小。土壤硒含量与V、Mo、Ni、Cr、S、Cu、Cd等含量呈显著正相关性(P<0.01),与有机质关系密切(r=0.35),而与土壤pH相关性不明显。西阳山组泥灰岩、荷塘组炭质页岩、硅质岩及宁国组炭质页岩等岩石硒含量较高。土壤硒继承了岩石硒,硒含量高的岩石分布面积广是形成富硒土壤的重要原因。  相似文献   

Soil parent materials and soil properties in two separate catchment areas on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E.A. Olowolafe 《GeoJournal》2002,56(3):201-212

On the Jos Plateau, soils derived from basalt and volcanic ash are much more intensively and extensively utilized for agricultural purposes than the granite soils. This study was carried out to determine the differences that may have contributed to this discrimination. Twenty four soil profiles were dug and described in two separate catchment areas that really portray the variance. Soil samples were analysed using standard procedures. The results show that basalt and volcanic ash-derived soils have relatively deeper profiles, lower bulk density, higher contents of clay, organic matter, exchangeable bases, micro-nutrients (Cu & Zn) and weatherable minerals. They are also higher in their CEC and base saturation percentage while available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity and natural water content are more adequate in them. Hence, the basalt and volcanic ash soils are more favourable for crop growth while the deficiencies in granite soils present more constraints to agricultural land use. Consequently, there are differences between the soil types in their crop-yielding capacities. These differences constitute a reflection of soil parent material influence. Agriculture in the area is mainly low-input. There is the need for improved management practices for the enhancement of soil conditions of granite areas in particular and the whole area in general. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

浙江土壤矿物组成特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郑喜糰  汪庆华  鲁安怀  朱朝晖  于芳  郑佳  王佩瑛 《地质通报》2005,24(8):761-766

对浙江省29种母质和16种土类或亚类构成的69个母质一土类单元共194个土壤样品中的矿物成分进行测定，分析得出矿物种类及矿物百分含量。在此基础上分析了浙江省土壤矿物组成特征。不同土类或亚类土壤中矿物组成存在明显差异，矿物种数和含量变化较大。突出的特征是，相同母质类型土壤含有相似的矿物种类，而且相同母质不同样品中同一矿物含量变化也较小，表现出同母质土壤矿物组成与含量具有相似性。在69个土壤剖面中，由A层到C层矿物种类和含量变化较小，土壤矿物组成明显受基岩影响和控制。宜把地质背景相同、矿物组成相近、土壤环境相似的成土母质作为划分土壤重金属污染评价单元，土壤类型只能作为评价单元的辅助划分依据。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地子长油田杨家园则探区长6物源分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵俊英罗静兰  雷晓岚郭德运王永东  樊万红夏惠萍 《中国地质》2007,34(3):422-429

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部子长油田杨家园则探区延长组长6砂岩的骨架矿物、重矿物、阴极发光、泥岩的稀土元素特征等的研究,并结合盆地东北缘典型露头剖面的古水流方向实测,分析了长6沉积期的古水流与主要物源方向,探讨了源区母岩性质。结果表明,研究区长6沉积期的古水流与主要物源方向来自北东方向。源区母岩以变质岩为主,其次少量火成岩。该研究结果对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延长组砂体时空展布分析、有利油气聚集区带预测以及对研究区下一步的油气勘探部署都具有重要的理论意义和实际参考价值。  相似文献   

河北行唐大枣品质与成土母岩类型关系的探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

栾文楼赵瑾瑛  崔邢涛宋泽峰 陈媛媛 《中国地质》2007,34(5):935-941

笔者从农业地质研究的角度出发,探讨了成土母岩对行唐大枣产量和品质的影响。调查研究发现在行唐山区品质好、产量高的大枣主要分布在黑云斜长片麻岩区,其主要原因是黑云斜长片麻岩较其他类型风化层厚,裂隙发育,P、Sr、稀土元素等含量高,K含量高并以缓效态赋存在黑云母中易被植物吸收;从土壤地球化学背景分析表明,优质大枣分布区具有与P、Sr、Na和稀土元素总量的富集区吻合性最好,Ni、Cr含量低的特点,这也验证了行唐大枣优质产区分布和成土母岩黑云斜长片麻岩分布的一致性。  相似文献